Data<-read.table("liver_weights.txt") x=Data[(Data$dosage==1),2] y=Data[(Data$dosage==2),2] boxplot(x,y) t.test(x, y, alternative = "less", mu = 0, paired = FALSE, var.equal = TRUE,conf.level = 0.95) z=c((x-mean(x))/sd(x),(y-mean(y))/sd(y)) qqnorm(z) abline(a=0,b=1)